No. 10: Cristiano Ronaldo and Lionel Messi

International Tax Review is part of Legal Benchmarking Limited, 1-2 Paris Garden, London, SE1 8ND

Copyright © Legal Benchmarking Limited and its affiliated companies 2025

Accessibility | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Modern Slavery Statement

No. 10: Cristiano Ronaldo and Lionel Messi

football-6105682-1920-1.jpg

Cristiano Ronaldo and Lionel Messi are only the tip of the iceberg, the bit that shows because the numbers in the Football Leaks that expose tax evasion are so huge.

The temptation is great, even for mere mortals. Who hasn't thought about adding a meal or a gas bill to their tax exemption?

But when the Football Leaks exposed the world's most famous football players to be tax avoiders in December 2016, public disapproval was widespread. Spanish prosecutors also began to stock up their arsenal and took a closer look at the tax returns of high-profile football players and managers.

A collective of 60 journalists from 12 European media agencies had formed the European Investigative Collaborators (EIC) and sifted through 18.6 million documents, including emails and contracts, provided by an anonymous whistleblower, who calls himself John.

At the time of writing, Messi has scored 584 goals and assisted 236 in his 726 games for Barcelona and Argentina, while Ronaldo's stats read 619 goals and 202 assists in 880 games playing for three clubs plus his home country of Portugal during his career. But it's their tax statistics that caught the eye of the EIC. Documents showed that Ronaldo, playing for European champions Real Madrid, had diverted €63.5 million ($75.2 million) to the British Virgin Islands (BVI) in 2014. In July 2017, Ronaldo appeared before a Spanish court to defend allegations of evading €14.5 million in taxes from the sale of image rights to several shell companies in the BVIs.

Reportedly, Ronaldo accused the judge of picking on him only because he was famous, to which the judge supposedly answered: "You are mistaken. Plenty of anonymous people have sat where you are". The estimates indicate that the bill from back taxes plus interest could amount to some €50 million.

Earlier in May 2017, a Spanish court had already sentenced Messi for three instances of tax evasion to a 21-month prison term, which was later converted to a fine of €2 million. Prison terms under two years for non-violent offenders are not generally served in Spain. With a similar offshore structure to Ronaldo, Messi and his father had channelled income from image rights to Belize and Uruguay to avoid paying tax in Spain.

But the outrage never lasts very long. You have a season ticket after all. There's the next game, the next refereeing decision, the next multi-million euro transfer fee, to discuss instead.

"The fans have to understand that with every ticket, every jersey they buy and with every television subscription, they are feeding an extremely corrupt system that is only in it for itself," John the whistleblower told German magazine Der Spiegel.

In a European Commission committee hearing on money laundering and tax evasion in September, one of the PANA committee's co-rapporteurs, Jeppe Kofod, criticised the attitude of FC Barcelona following Messi's conviction, pointing out the club's social media campaign with the hashtag #WeAreAllLeoMessi". Members of the same enquiry also accused FIFA and UEFA officials as "enablers" of the system that allows players and agents to circumvent taxes.

In its current draft report, the PANA committee included a new motion for a resolution, noting concern that: "The Football Leaks revelations and the several individual cases of tax evasion in the world of football recently discovered have shown that many loopholes and mismatches still exist in national legislation regarding the taxation of image rights and the taxation of footballers' international transfers."

The EU is now under pressure to introduce legislation to tackle the lack of transparency and strategies for tax avoidance, including the role advisers play in creating the schemes.

The Global Tax 50 2017

View the full list and introduction

The top 10 • Ranked in order of influence

1. US Tax Reform Big 6

2. Dawn of the robots

3. The breakdown of global consensus

4. The fifth estate

5. Margrethe Vestager

6. Arun Jaitley

7. Sri Mulyani Indrawati

8. Pascal Saint-Amans and Achim Pross

9. Richard Murphy

10. Cristiano Ronaldo and Lionel Messi

The remaining 40 • In alphabetic order

Tomas Balco

Piet Battiau

Monica Bhatia

Blockchain

Rasmus Corlin Christensen

Seamus Coffey

Jeremy Corbyn

Rufino de la Rosa

Fabio De Masi

The Estonian presidency of the Council of the European Union

Maria Teresa Fabregas Fernandez

The fat tax

Maya Forstater

Babatunde Fowler

The GE/PwC outsourcing deal

The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)

International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ)

Meg Hillier

Chris Jordan

Wang Jun

James Karanja

Bruno Le Maire

John Pombe Joseph Magufuli

Cecilia Malmström

The Maltese presidency of the EU Council

Paige Marvel

Theresa May

Angela Merkel

Narendra Modi

Pierre Moscovici

The European Parliament Committee of Inquiry into Money Laundering, Tax Avoidance and Tax Evasion (PANA)

The Paris Agreement

Grace Perez-Navarro

Alexandra Readhead

Heather Self

TaxCOOP

Tax Justice Network

Donald Trump

United Nations Committee of Experts on International Cooperation in Tax Matters

WU Global Tax Policy Center

more across site & shared bottom lb ros

More from across our site

Reckitt Benckiser is to divest its Essential Home business, which includes more than 70 brands, to private equity firm Advent International
In the first of a new series of weekly opinion pieces, ITR Editor Tom Baker reflects on the OECD’s attempts to sanitise the US’s brazen pillar two negotiations
The threat of 50% tariffs on Brazilian goods coincides with new Brazilian legal powers to adopt retaliatory economic measures, local experts tell ITR
The country’s chancellor appears to have backtracked from previous pillar two scepticism; in other news, Donald Trump threatened Russia with 100% tariffs
In its latest G20 update, the OECD also revealed tense discussions with the US where the ‘significant threat’ of Section 899 was highlighted
The tax agency has increased compliance yield from wealthy individuals but cannot identify how much tax is paid by UK billionaires, the committee also claimed
Saffery cautioned that documentation requirements in new government proposals must be limited if medium-sized companies are not exempted from TP
The global minimum tax deal is not viable without US participation, Friedrich Merz has argued
Section 899 of the ‘one big beautiful’ bill would have spelled disaster for many international investors into the US, but following its shelving, attention turns to the fate of the OECD’s pillars
DLA Piper’s co-head of tax for the US and Latin America tells ITR about her fervent belief in equal access to the law, loving yoga, and paternal inspirations
Gift this article