US and OECD harmonise approaches to arm's-length principle

International Tax Review is part of Legal Benchmarking Limited, 1-2 Paris Garden, London, SE1 8ND

Copyright © Legal Benchmarking Limited and its affiliated companies 2025

Accessibility | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Modern Slavery Statement

US and OECD harmonise approaches to arm's-length principle

Tax specialists are praising the OECD’s decision to equalise the methods for allocating income and expenses between controlled entities under the arm’s length principle.

In September 2009, the OECD released draft proposed revisions to Chapters one through three of their 1995 guidelines.

One of the most important proposed changes included the abandonment of the traditional hierarchy of transfer pricing methods.

The proposed guidelines suggested that taxpayers should instead use the method that provided the most reliable measurements.

One potential reason behind the change is that a growing number of tax authorities may have realised the difficulty multinationals face in trying to get reliable data to apply to the traditional methods.

Tax practitioners and specialists welcome the change.

“This will simplify the process of doing global documentation for large multinationals, and over time will potentially reduce the number of disputes,” said Paul Burns, counsel at DLA Piper.

“These are sensible changes that would bring the two main promulgators of the arm’s length standard, the US and the OECD, into closer harmony in the application of that principle,” said Richard Boykin, principal economist at Baker & McKenzie.

Though there is no definite date for the finalisation of these guidelines, the US Department of Treasury (Treasury) has confirmed that the proposals do abandon a strict hierarchy of methods in favour of an approach that is more similar to the one now in place at the Treasury and IRS.

The US Treasury adopted its own version of the “best method rules” in 1994.

“Tax authorities outside the US now have the benefit of 15 years of US experience with the best methods rule,” said Burns. “My sense is that they have reached a certain comfort level with this.”

“This is one area where it seems that the US is out in front leading and the OECD guidance sort of converged later to get there,” said David Ernick, associate international counsel at the Treasury, at a BNA Tax Management International Luncheon on March 31.

The proposed guidelines also contained a helpful discussion about issues of comparability. Recognising that reasonably comparable controlled transactions are often unavailable for complex multinational transactions, especially those involving intangibles, the guidelines allow for use of profit-based methods, as long as the allocation method is reliable and consistent.

This explanation about comparability will also help to bridge differences between the application of the US and OECD methods.

more across site & shared bottom lb ros

More from across our site

Experts from law firm Kennedys outline the key tax disputes trends set to define 2026, ranging from increased enforcement to continued tariff drama and AI usage
They also warned against an ‘unnecessary duplication of efforts’ in UN tax convention negotiations; in other news, White & Case has hired Freshfields’ former French tax head
Awards
Submit your nominations to this year's WIBL EMEA Awards by 16 February 2026
Defending loss situations in TP is not about denying the existence of losses but about showing, through proactive measures, that the losses reflect genuine commercial realities
Further empowerment of HMRC enforcement has been praised, but the pre-Budget OBR leak was described as ‘shambolic’
Michel Braun of WTS Digital reviews ITR’s inaugural AI in tax event, and concludes that AI will enhance, not replace, the tax professional
The report is solid and balanced as it correctly underscores the ambitious institutional redesign that Brazil has undertaken in adopting a dual VAT model, experts tell ITR
The Brazilian law firm partner warns against going independent too early, considers the weight of political pressure, and tells ITR what makes tax cool
The lessons from Ireland are clear: selective, targeted, and credible fiscal incentives can unlock supply and investment
The ITR in-house award winner delves into his dramatic novelisation of tax transformation, and declares that 'tax doesn’t need AI right now'
Gift this article