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The German tax code was revised in 1990 to permit net operating losses to be carried forward indefinitely for income, corporation, and trade tax purposes. In the case of income and corporation tax, the indefinite carryforward applies to losses which cannot be carried back to either of the two years preceding the year in which they were incurred. The trade tax has no loss carryback provision.

Société Générale has acquired Hambros Banking Group from Hambro in a deal worth £300 million ($483 million). The banking group includes Hambros bank and its subsidiaries and associates, together with shareholdings in certain other companies. Société Générale was advised by tax partner Francis Sandison at Freshfields in London. Norton Rose acted for Hambro. Tax advice came from partner Louise Higginbottom and assistants Dominic Stuttaford, Nick Stretch and Mark Middleditch.

Royal Bank of Scotland has acquired GRS Holding Company from a shareholder group led by Nomura International. GRS is the holding company of Angel Train Contracts, a rolling stock leasing company.

UK insurance group Guardian Royal Exchange has paid £435 milllion ($700 million) for PPP Healthcare, the UK's second largest private medical insurer. The acquisition gives the group a strong position in the private medical insurance and long-term care markets PPP Healthcare was advised by Linklaters in London. Tax partner Charles Hellier, and tax assistants Sarah Squires and Paul William worked on the deal.

Zeneca is to acquire a US fungicide business owned by Japanese chemicals company Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha. Zeneca will acquire ISK Biosciences and the international distribution rights outside Asia-Pacific. The deal is valued at $500 million. Davis Polk & Wardwell in New York is acting for Zeneca, with advice from tax partner Mario Verdolini and assistant Avrohom Gelber. KPMG is also advising.

On December 5 1997, Russian president Boris Yeltsin convinced the Duma to accept the 1998 budget at the first of three readings. Nevertheless, the decrepit taxation and budgetary system continues to hinder potential economic growth. Tax collection in Russia remained poor in 1997. David John, tax partner at Price Waterhouse in Moscow, says tax collection this year represented 52% of the budget. Government expenditure in 1997 represented 18.3% of GDP, while tax revenue was just 10.8%. The promise of radical revenue collection methods has failed to disguise a deteriorating system.

LucasVarity is to sell its diesel engines business to Caterpillar, the world's largest maker of construction equipment. The deal, worth $1.325 billion, will enhance Caterpillar's market position in small engine construction.

Directive 69/335/EEC — Contribution of immovable property.

Directive 69/335/EEC — Regional charge on vehicle registration certificates.

Directive 69/335/EEC — Registration charges on companies — Procedural time-limits under national law.