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Evgeny Sivoushkov Karina Khudenko According to new rules (effective from January 1 2007) stipulated in chapter 23 (personal income tax) of the Russian Tax Code, an individual is considered to be a Russian tax resident if he/she spends not less than 183 days during 12 consecutive months in Russia. (Instead of 183 days within a calendar year as per the previous rules).

Paul Chambers Philippe Loux After the opinion issued by the European Commission objecting to the Luxembourg legislation that introduced a 10% final withholding tax on savings income paid in the form of interest to individuals resident in Luxembourg, the government has adopted a draft law that amends the regime to be in line with the EU rules.

Peter Dachs The Revenue laws amendment bill has been released for comment. This bill contains many significant changes to South African tax legislation.

By Catherine Snowdon, Americas reporter

Bob van der Made Under article 56 of the EC Treaty, persons who are neither nationals nor residents of a member state of the EEA (EU 27 + Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway) can invoke the free movement of capital guarantee under article 56 EC in courts throughout the EEA. This means that, theoretically at least, the same rules seem to apply for capital movements between EEA member states and third countries as for intra-EEA capital movements. The EC Treaty provides for a special standstill or "grandfather" clause under article 57 EC which permits the member states to apply the restrictive measures to third countries which were in force before December 31 1993, article 57 EC covers four categories: direct investment (including real estate), establishment, provision of financial services and admission of securities to capital markets.

Americas correspondent Catherine Snowdon investigates the relevance and effectiveness of flat taxes

The European Commission's fiscal compliance expert group (FISCO) has advocated a series of changes to fiscal compliance regimes. In a report issued at the end of October, the group said changes to withholding and transaction tax systems to facilitate improvements to reporting clearing and settlement of cross-border securities transactions.

International law firm Mayer Brown has appointed five new international tax partners. Their elevation comes as part of 43 promotions worldwide. They will become partners on January 1 2008

Carl Pihlgren In an advance ruling issued on July 6 2007, the National Board on Advance Rulings looked at whether the Swedish shell company rules could apply in a case where a newly established company acquired real estate immediately before its shares were sold to a third party. Normally a sale of shares is tax exempt in Sweden. However, if the sold company is a shell company it is not tax exempt and the whole compensation, without reduction for the acquisition value of the shares, is taxable when the shares are sold.

Roberto del Toro Graciela Rivera On September 14 2007, Congress approved this sui generis tax called new flat tax Impuesto Empresarial a Tasa Unica (IETU), which will be effective from January 1 2008. The existing Asset Tax will be repealed when the new flat tax is enacted.